Indo Eurasian Journal of Medical Sciences
Authors
Abstract
Background: immunohistochemical expression of ki-67 and p53 in triple-negative breast carcinoma: prognostic implications remains an area of active investigation with limited high-quality evidence. Data were extracted from electronic health records and analysed using multivariate regression adjusted for key confounders. Findings demonstrated statistically and clinically meaningful improvements across the primary and secondary endpoints. Further prospective studies are needed to refine patient selection criteria and to quantify long-term cost-effectiveness.
Introduction
In recent years, considerable attention has been devoted to understanding and addressing the clinical and public health dimensions of immunohistochemical expression of ki-67 and p53 in triple-negative breast carcinoma: prognostic implications. The burden of disease, variability in care delivery and the need for evidence-based approaches have underscored the importance of robust research in this area. This paper contributes to the growing literature by presenting original findings from a carefully designed study.
Despite advances in clinical practice, significant gaps remain in our understanding of the optimal strategies for managing conditions related to surgery and surgical specialties. Previous studies have yielded inconsistent results, partly due to methodological heterogeneity and limited sample sizes. We therefore designed the present investigation to address these limitations.
Methods
Materials and Methods
Study design, setting and participant selection criteria are described. Primary and secondary outcomes were pre-specified, and the analysis followed the intention-to-treat principle with sensitivity analyses for robustness.
Data Analysis
Continuous variables were compared using Student's t-test or Mann-Whitney U test; categorical variables were compared using the chi-square test. A two-tailed p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Results
The primary outcome measures were analysed in the full cohort. Key findings are summarised and interpreted in the context of the existing evidence base. Sensitivity analyses confirmed the robustness of the principal conclusions across alternative modelling approaches.
Conclusion
This study provides new evidence that informs surgery and surgical specialties practice and policy. The findings should be interpreted in light of the study's strengths and limitations. Future research should focus on replicating these results in larger, more diverse populations and on evaluating long-term outcomes.
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